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@#Abstract: Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous dynamic process, which can be divided into latent stage, initial stage, peak stage and decreasing stage according to the characteristics of viral shedding. After being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the infected person generally stays in the latent period for 1-3 days, which is characterized by continuous negative nucleic acid test results and no infectiousness, and the risk of infection for close contacts is very low. At the initial stage of viral shedding is characterized by a rapid decline in the Ct value of nucleic acid tests in a short time, and clinical symptoms gradually appear. The infectiousness of the infected person gradually increases during this period, and the risk of infection for close contacts also gradually increases, but it is still in the early stage of infection, the possibility of viral shedding is low, and the risk of infection of secondary close contacts is low. The peak of viral shedding is characterized by low Ct value in nucleic acid test and obvious clinical symptoms; during this period, the infected person is the most infectious, and the risk of infection of the contact is the highest, so the scope of close contacts should be expanded appropriately. The decreasing period is characterized by the gradual increase of Ct value of nucleic acid test and the gradual disappearance of clinical symptoms; during this period, the infectiousness of the infected person gradually decreases to disappear. In an outbreak, an infected person in the decreasing phase is more likely to be an early infected person in the transmission chain. If infected individuals in the decreasing phase are found in an area without a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, it suggests that the local outbreak epidemic has been spreading for some time and may be larger in scale. According to the characteristics of viral shedding, risk personnel can be determined more scientifically and accurately, so as to minimize the risk and reduce the waste of epidemic prevention resources.
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Objective: To describe fertility and explore factors associated with it among pre-conception couples of childbearing age. Methods: Based on the pre-conceptional offspring trajectory study of the School of Public Health of Fudan University, couples of childbearing age who participated in the pre-conception physical examination in Shanghai Jiading District from 2016 to 2021 were recruited and followed up. Couples' time to pregnancy (TTP) was analyzed and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the factors associated with TTP. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate each menstrual cycle's cumulative pregnancy rate. Results: A total of 1 095 preconception couples were included in the analysis, the M(Q1,Q3)of TTP was 4.33 (2.41, 9.78) menstrual cycles. Age of women (FR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95, P<0.001), women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (FR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55, P<0.001), women who were exposed to second-hand smoking (FR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, P=0.016), women whose home or office had been renovated in the past 2 years and had a particular smell (FR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.81, P=0.008) were risk factors for impaired fertility. Regular menstrual cycles (FR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.16-2.31, P=0.005), females who often drank tea/coffee (FR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P=0.011) and males who took folic acid before conception (FR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.38-4.23, P=0.002) were associated with better fertility. The cumulative pregnancy rate of 3, 6, and 12 menstrual cycles was 37.6%, 64.4%, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Older couples, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, irregular menstruation, exposure to secondhand smoke and decoration pollutants in females are associated with impaired fertility. Frequent tea/coffee drinking before pregnancy in females and taking folic acid before pregnancy in males are associated with shortened conception time.
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Pregnancy , Male , Humans , Female , Cohort Studies , Overweight/complications , Coffee , Intention , China/epidemiology , Fertility , Obesity/complications , TeaABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between breastfeeding knowledge， self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among mothers of one-month old babies. Methods:Random sampling method was conducted for choosing 5 out of 13 community service health centers in Jiading district of Shanghai. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the mothers. Results:A total of 456 valid questionnaires were received， the full score of breastfeeding knowledge was set at 60， with an average of 47.17±5.65， ranging from 12 to 60. The full score of self-efficacy was set at 70， with an average of 47.70±14.48， ranging from 14 to 70. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of one-month old infants was 55.3%（252/456）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that mothers with higher scores of breastfeeding knowledge had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=1.717， 95%CI 1.034-2.851， P=0.037）. Those with higher scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy also had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=5.736， 95%CI 3.455-9.522， P=0.001）. Conclusions:The breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy of mothers of one-month old babies were significantly associated with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Medical staff should strengthen the delivery and cultivation of breastfeeding knowledge and skills for mothers to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy， and ultimately promote the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps outbreaks in Guangzhou city from 2006 to 2018, and to provide evidence for prevention and control strategy of mumps.@*Methods@#Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported data of mumps in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2018. The chi-square test was applied to analyze the outbreaks in different years and types of schools, and the attack rate in different types of schools. The spearman correlation was used to analyze between timing of intervention and duration of the outbreak.@*Results@#A total of 32 mumps outbreaks were reported during 2006-2018, with 992 reported mumps cases in 26 764 students (attack rate was 3.71%). The outbreaks peaked in 2006 (28.13%) and 2012 (18.75%). Mumps outbreaks occurred mainly in March to June and December. The highest peak was in April with 7 outbreaks accounting for 21.88%. The largest number of outbreaks occurred in Conghua district(9,28.13%) and the primary schools(25,78.13%). Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.35 between timing of intervention and duration outbreak (r=0.35，P=0.05).@*Conclusion@#Primary schools in the suburb of Guangzhou are at high-risk for mumps outbreak. Early intervention can shorten the duration of outbreaks. Morning check, school attendance and mumps-specific IgG antibody surveillance should be improved.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis in hepatic fibrosis staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six rats were divided into carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis groups (6 rats per group for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) and a control group (n = 12). MRI was performed using a 3T scanner. Histograms of DKI were obtained for corrected apparent diffusion (D), kurtosis (K) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Mean, median, skewness, kurtosis and 25th and 75th percentiles were generated and compared according to the fibrosis stage and inflammatory activity. RESULTS: A total of 35 rats were included, and 12, 5, 5, 6, and 7 rats were diagnosed as F0–F4. The mean, median, 25th and 75th percentiles, kurtosis of D map, median, 25th percentile, skewness of K map, and 75th percentile of ADC map demonstrated significant correlation with fibrosis stage (r = −0.767 to 0.339, p < 0.001 to p = 0.039). The fibrosis score was the independent variable associated with histogram parameters compared with inflammatory activity grade (p < 0.001 to p = 0.041), except the median of K map (p = 0.185). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of D were larger than K and ADC maps in fibrosis staging, although no significant differences existed in pairwise comparisons (p = 0.0512 to p = 0.847). CONCLUSION: Corrected apparent diffusion of DKI histogram analysis provides added value and better diagnostic performance to detect various liver fibrosis stages compared with ADC.
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Animals , Rats , Carbon , Diagnosis , Diffusion , Fibrosis , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , ROC CurveABSTRACT
Aim To observe the expression of FN and TGF-β1 in the glomerular mesangial cells induced by high-glucose after the intervention of resveratrol, and further discuss its influence on SphK1/AP-1 signaling pathway. Methods The rat glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose were used to observe the effects of resveratrol on cell proliferation after interven-tion. The survival vitality and proliferation of glomeru-lar mesangial cells were determined by MTT, and then FN, TGF-β1 and SphK1 protein expression were deter-mined by Western blot. Also, AP-1 activity was deter- mined by EMSA assay. Results Resveratrol could obviously inhibit the proliferation of high glucose-in-duced glomerular mesangial cells, lower SphK1 expres-sion, inhibit AP-1 activity and thus inhibit the expres-sion of FN, TGF-β1. Conclusions Resveratrol inhib-its the proliferation of high glucose-induced glomerular mesangial cells, which may be closely related to the in-hibition of SphK1/AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Aim To observe whether paeonol can in-hibit fibronectin (FN) and intercellular cell adhension molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) via up-regulating CKIP-1 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods The effects of paeonol on the ex-pressions of CKIP-1,Nrf2,FN and ICAM-1 were eval-uated in GMCs treated with HG. Small interfering RNA was used to deplete CKIP-1 protein expression, and Western bolt was used to detect the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and SOD1. DHE fluorescent probe tech-nique was used to determine intracellular superoxide level. Results The protein levels of CKIP-1 and Nrf2 were elevated by paeonol in HG-treated GMCs. In the meanwhile,the expressions of Nrf2 downstream antiox-idant enzymes, i.e. HO-1 and SOD1, were also up-regulated by paeonol, which was accompanied by re-ductions of superoxide and H2O2levels. Importantly, paeonol reversed the excessive accumulation of FN and ICAM-1 in HG-induced GMCs. si-CKIP-1 decreased the up-regulation of Nrf2,HO-1 and SOD1 expressions during paeonol treatment, which was accompanied by increased superoxide and H2O2levels. Furthermore, si-CKIP-1 reversed the down-regulated levels of FN and ICAM-1 induced by paeonol. Conclusion Pae-onol inhibits the expressions of FN and ICAM-1 in HG-treated GMCs possibly by up-regulating CKIP-1 and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Due to adverse economic impact and social panic influences,live poultry market closure(LPM) as an effective control strategy of H7N9 influenza has become the focus of public repeatedly.So this paper reviewed transmission characteris tics of H7N9 influenza,impact of LMP on human H7N9 infection,and the effect of LMP on H7N9 influenza control.
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Objective To compare the corneal characteristics in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients of different ages with lens subluxation and explore their clinical significance.Methods Together 84 eyes of 45 MFS patients (MFS group) and 84 eyes of 84 control subjects (control group) were recruited in this study,and the patients in the MFS group were subdivided into two groups by age:5-14 year-old group with 49 eyes and ＞ 14 year-old group with 35 eyes.The biometric characteristics,including corneal curvature (i.e.Km),central corneal thickness,and corneal astigmatism,were measured by Pentacam.Results Compared with the control group,MFS patients had decreased Km and increased corneal astigmatism,approaching significant difference (both P =0.000).There were significant differences in anterior corneal curvature [(40.02 ± 1.42) D vs.(41.03 ± 1.57) D],posterior corneal curvature [(-5.71 ± 0.23) D vs.(-5.89-± 0.31) D],and total corneal astigmatism [(-1.71 ±0.84)D vs.(-1.34 ±0.78)D] between 5-14 year-old group and ＞ 14year-old group (all P ＜ 0.05).The anterior corneal astigmatism was significantly higher in 5-14 year-old group than that in ＞ 14 year-old group(P =0.017),whereas the posterior corneal astigmatism had no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.377).In 5-14 year-old group,the astigmatic type of total cornea and anterior corneal surface was dominated by with-the-rule astigmatism (69.39％),whereas the proportion of with-the-rule and oblique astigmatism was approximately equal ＞ 14year-old group.The astigmatic type of posterior corneal surface in 5-14 year-old group (accounting for 85.71％) and ＞ 14 year-old group (accounting for 77.14％)was dominated by against-the-rule astigmatism.The total corneal astigmatism was overestimated by a mean of 0.32 D when only taking the magnitude of anterior corneal astigmatism into consideration.Conclusion A flattened cornea and increased corneal astigmatism are the corneal characteristics for MFS patients with lens subluxation especially for the children patients.The magnitude of posterior corneal astigmatism remains unchanged and is primarily against-the-rule astigmatism.And the total corneal astigmatism can be easily overestimated if posterior corneal astigmatism is not taken into consideration.
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BACKGROUND: No conclusion has yet been drawn on the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)/collagen type I hydrogels on tendon-bone healing during the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of BMP-2/collagen type I hydrogels to repair ACL injury. METHODS: ACL injury models were made in the right knees of 18 New Zealand rabbits. Model rabbits were randomized into three groups: blank control group with no intervention, control group with implantation of autologous semitendinosus tendon into the tibial and femoral tunnels, and experimental group with implantation of autologous semitendinosus tendon into the tibial and femoral tunnels combined with BMP-2/collagen type I hydrogel injection into the tibial tunnel. The Micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining of the tendon-bone interface were conducted at 3 months after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Micro-CT imaging examination: No obvious bone tissue regeneration around the tibial tunnel (at the opening site, 1 cm distant to the opening site, and at the widest site of the tunnel) was observed in the blank control group. Discontinuous bone regeneration in the tibial tunnel was found in the control group. In the experimental group, there was obvious tendon-bone regeneration and continuous bone connections in part of the tibial tunnel. (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: In the blank control group, sparse fibrous tissue and regenerated bone tissue were observed in the bone tunnel. In the control group, new bone tissues grew into the tendon, but the tendon and the surrounding tissue were loose, with a large amount of fibrocytes and the small new bone area. In the experimental group, a large number of new bone tissues were regenerated in the tendon, the tendon was intertwined with the surrounding bone tissues, and the area of new bone was increased. (3) Masson staining: In the blank control group the tunnel was partially filled with fat or fibrous tissues, and no tendon-bone interface appeared. In the control group, cartilage and fibrous tissues were visible on the tendon-bone interface, but the fibrous tissues were loosely arranged and had no close connection with the cartilage tissues. In the experimental group, fibrous-chondral-bone tissues were found on the tendon-bone interface, with fibrous tissues being tightly bound to the cartilage tissues, and mature bone tissues were visible below the cartilage tissue. These results indicate that BMP-2/collagen type I hydrogel is beneficial to ACL repair by strengthening the bone regeneration in the bone tunnel and the healing of tendon-bone junction.
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Objective: To observe the effect of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) on the muscle strength in senile sarcopenia. Methods: Sixty-five old people with sarcopenia were randomized into Yi Jin Jing group and a blank control group. Thirty-three patients in Yi Jin Jing group practiced Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises), while 32 patients in the blank control group didn't receive any interventions. The muscle strength was measured before and after 12-week training. Results: During the study, each group had 1 dropout. The muscle strength was improved after 12-week training in Yi Jin Jing group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the blank control group (P>0.05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between Yi Jin Jing group and the blank control group in comparing the muscle strength (P<0.05). Conclusion: Constant Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training can notably improve skeletal muscle strength in senile sarcopenia.
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Objective:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the status of drug profit decreasing and pricing compensation profits increasing after the implementation of drug zero profit policy.The ratio of pricing policy compensation in place and the reform effects were evaluated to provide references for poliey making on implementing drug zero profit policy.Methods:The total usage of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine,the item of medical charging costs and item times before and after the implementation of drug zero profit,the decreasing of drug profits by outpatient and inpatient and the increasing of medical items were selected from hospital information system from 2013 to 2016.Results:From 2013 to 2016,the price of compensation policy in place rates were 94.59％,89.51％,95.18％,95.64％;4 year total compensation policy in place rate was 93.67％;outpatient compensation mainly by inspecting fee (75.22％),the cost of treatment (11.18％),surgery (5.91％);hospital compensation mainly surgical fees,nursing fees (36.40％)(19.09％),(19.08％) medical expenses and treatment expenses (13.53％);a good compensation effect of price policy.Conclusion:The compensation of price policy was in accordance with the expectation of reform,and the sharing of information with the competent department of price could help to establish a scientific and reasonable price compensation policy.It needed to further promote the reform of drug and comsumable usage control.
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Objective:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the status of drug profit decreasing and pricing compensation profits increasing after the implementation of drug zero profit policy.The ratio of pricing policy compensation in place and the reform effects were evaluated to provide references for poliey making on implementing drug zero profit policy.Methods:The total usage of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine,the item of medical charging costs and item times before and after the implementation of drug zero profit,the decreasing of drug profits by outpatient and inpatient and the increasing of medical items were selected from hospital information system from 2013 to 2016.Results:From 2013 to 2016,the price of compensation policy in place rates were 94.59％,89.51％,95.18％,95.64％;4 year total compensation policy in place rate was 93.67％;outpatient compensation mainly by inspecting fee (75.22％),the cost of treatment (11.18％),surgery (5.91％);hospital compensation mainly surgical fees,nursing fees (36.40％)(19.09％),(19.08％) medical expenses and treatment expenses (13.53％);a good compensation effect of price policy.Conclusion:The compensation of price policy was in accordance with the expectation of reform,and the sharing of information with the competent department of price could help to establish a scientific and reasonable price compensation policy.It needed to further promote the reform of drug and comsumable usage control.
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Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a worldwide problem for crop production. The present work used hydroponic experiments to investigate the ameliorating effects and physiological mechanisms of glutathione (GSH) mitigation of Cd toxicity in cucumber seedlings. The results revealed that Cd was mainly accumulated in roots of cucumber, 100 µM GSH pretreatment in 50 µM Cd solution significantly recovered Cd-induced growth inhibition, improved photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence performance. Moreover, external GSH obviously depressed hydroxyl free radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde accumulation, increased the total antioxidant capacity in cucumber exposed to Cd. Results indicated that pre-treatment of GSH can alleviate Cd toxicity by reducing Cd uptake and ROS accumulation, reduce the negative consequences of oxidative stress caused by Cd toxicity, moreover protect photosynthetic machinery from damaging, balance nutrients and antioxidants in cucumber.
A toxicidade do Cádmio (Cd) é um problema mundial para a produção de plantas olerícolas. O presente trabalho com o uso experimentos hidropônicos objetivou investigar a atenuação dos efeitos do cádmio por meio de mecanismos envolvendo a glutationa (GSH) e redução da toxicidade em plântulas de pepino submetidas ao Cd. OS resultados revelaram que o Cd acumulou principalmente nas raízes do pepino, Na dose de 100 µM GSH-50 esta reduziu a concentração em µM Cd na solução ea mesma melhora a ou reduz a inibição do crescimento ,bem como melhora o desempenho e a fluorescência clorofílica. Além disso, obviamente, radical Livre hidroxila GSH externa ·OH) aumenta a acumulação do malondialdeído e aumento da capacidade antioxidante total no pepino expostos ao Cd. OS resultados indicaram que o pré -tratamento de GSH pode reduzir a toxicidade, reduzindo a captação Cd e acumulação ROS , reduzir os efeitos negativos do stress oxidativo reduzindo a sua toxicidade, além de proteger o equilíbrio da disponibilidade de nutrientes e antioxidantes.
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Cadmium , Cucumis sativus , Seedlings , GlutathioneABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The objective was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate hepatic metastases using computed tomography (CT) virtual noncontrast (VNC) spectral imaging in a retrospective analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty hepatic metastases patients underwent CT scans including the conventional true noncontrast (TNC) and the tri-phasic contrast-enhanced dual energy spectral scans in the hepatic arterial, portal venous, and equilibrium phases. The tri-phasic spectral CT images were used to obtain three groups of VNC images including in the arterial (VNCa), venous (VNCv), and equilibrium (VNCe) phase by the material decomposition process using water and iodine as a base material pair. The image quality and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of metastasis of the four groups were compared with ANOVA analysis. The metastasis detection rates with the four nonenhanced image groups were calculated and compared using the Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in image quality among TNC, VNCa and VNCv images (P > 0.05). The quality of VNCe images was significantly worse than that of other three groups (P < 0.05). The mean CNR of metastasis in the TNC and VNCs images was 1.86, 2.42, 1.92, and 1.94, respectively; the mean CNR of metastasis in VNCa images was significantly higher than that in other three groups (P < 0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed among VNCv, VNCe and TNC images (P > 0.05). The metastasis detection rate of the four nonenhanced groups with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The quality of VNCa and VNCv images is identical to that of TNC images, and the metastasis detection rate in VNC images is similar to that in TNC images. VNC images obtained from arterial phase show metastases more clearly. Thus, VNCa imaging may be a surrogate to TNC imaging in hepatic metastasis diagnosis.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Contrast Media , Liver Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
Background Erythropoietin (EPO) has a protective effect on retinal neurons in many retinal diseases,but regarding the effect of EPO on apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells in retinal detachment (RD) is uncompletely clear.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of endogenous EPO on photoreceptors in a rat model of RD and explore its possible mechanism.Methods Seventy-two Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to control group,RD group,RD+PBS group,RD+erythropoietin soluble receptor (EPOsR) 2, 20, 200ng groups with 12 rats for each group.1.4% hyaluronic acid was slowly injected into the subretinal space to induce RD in rats,and PBS or 2,20 or 200ng EPOsR was then injected into the vitreous space.On day 3 after RD,apoptotic photoreceptors were detected using transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL),and caspase-3 activity was assessed by Western-blot and immunofluorescence staining.On day 14 after RD,retinal histopathologic examination was carried out and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured under the light microscope.The use of animals complied with the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results Apoptotic photoreceptors were seen in ONL of rats of the RD group.Apoptotic photoreceptors were gradually increased with the elevation of EPOsR dose in the vitreous cavity.Western blot and immunofluorescence consistently showed that the gray scale of caspase-3 activity was 0.15±0.04,0.49±0.03,0.50±0.07,0.63±0.03,0.69±0.04 and 0.83±0.04 in the normal group,RD group,RD +PBS group,RD+EPOsR 2,20,200ng groups respectively with statistically significant differences (F=76.016;P=0.000),and caspase-3 activity was considerably stronger in the RD+EPOsR 200ng group than the other groups (P＜0.01).On day 14 after RD,the ONL thicknesses in the normal control group,RD group,RD+PBS group,RD+EPOsR 2,20,200ng groups were (47.39±3.39)μm,(33.96±3.54)μm,(31.83±5.21)μm,(31.40±2.63)μm,(24.99±2.06)μm and (19.30±3.71)μm,showing significant differences among these groups (F=44.733,P=0.000).ONL thicknesses the groups treated with different doses of EPOsR were markedly thinner than that of the RD group and RD +PBS group (P＜0.01).Conclusion EPOsR induces apoptosis of retinal cells and enhances the activity of caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner.Endogenous EPO can protect photoreceptors against anoxia-mediated damage in RD eyes through decreasing caspase-3 activity and inhibiting apoptosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection in HIV-infected patients inacquired immune deficiency syndrome area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum samples were obtained from 97 HIV-infected patients who transmitted by paid blood donation. ELISA was used to detect HBV erologic markers (HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc) and HCV antibody. Flow Cytometry were used to detect CD4+ T cell count. Nested PCR was used to amplify surface protein region of HBV DNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety two patients were HBsAg negative in the 97 HIV-infected patients (94.85%). Twenty seven patients were co-infected with occult hepatitis B virus infection in the 92 HBsAg negative patients (29.35%). Seventy three patients were co-infected with HCV in the 92 HBsAg negative patients(79.35%). CD4 cell count of subjects with occult HBV infection were significantly lower (212.11 +/- 133.1 cells/mm3 versus 318.9 +/- 172.2 cells/mm3, respectively, P < 0.01). A significantly higher prevalence of isolated anti-HBc was observed in HIV-infected subjects co-infectioned with occult HBV infection [62.96% (13 of 27) versus 18.46% (15 of 65), P < 0.01]. No statistical significant association could be established between the age, sex and whether co-infected with HCV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is found that occult HBV infection did occurs in HIV-infected patients. Individuals co-infected with HIV and occult HBV infection are more likely to have isolated anti-HBc than subjects with HIV alone. Co-infection with HIV and occult HBV is more likely to occue in subjects with lower CD4.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV , Allergy and Immunology , HIV Infections , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Hepatitis B , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Hepatitis B virus , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between the chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis and HLA-DRB1 * 1301,1302 gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HLA-DRB1 * 1301,1302 allele in 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis and 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B was analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frenquency of HLA-DRB1 * 1301,1302 allele in the chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis group was markly higher than that in the chronic hepatitis B group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLA-DRB1 * 1301,1302 is closely associated with the suseptibility to chronic hepatitis cirrhosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alleles , HLA-DR Antigens , Genetics , HLA-DRB1 Chains , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Genetics , Liver Cirrhosis , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and severe chronic hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>26 patients with severe chronic hepatitis B were investigated for HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers technique. The results were compared with those from 45 normal healthy people by use of chi2-test of Microsoft SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of HLA-DRB1 * 1301/1302 allele in severe chronic hepatitis B group was significantly higher than the frequency in the control group, while the frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 1201/1202, 1501/1502 allele were not significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLA-DRB1 * 1301,1302 is closely associated with the suseptibility to severe chronic hepatitis B, While HLA-DRB1 * 1201/1202, 1501/1502 have no association with severe chronic hepatitis B.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , HLA-DR Antigens , Genetics , HLA-DRB1 Chains , Hepatitis B virus , Physiology , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Berberine is one of the main constituents of Coptidis rhizoma (CR) and Cortex phellodendri. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of berberine on renal function and its possible mechanisms in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: normal, diabetic model, and berberine treatment groups. Rats in the diabetic model and berberine treatment groups were induced to diabetes by intraperitonal injection with streptozotocin (STZ). Glomerular area, glomerular volume, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr) and urine protein for 24 hours (UP24h) were measured using commercially available kits. Meanwhile, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, activity of aldose reductase (AR) and the expression of AR mRNA and protein in kidney were detected by different methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that oral administration of berberine (200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) significantly ameliorated the ratio of kidney weight to body weight. Glomerular area, glomerular volume, FBG, BUN, Cr and UP24h were significantly decreased in the berberine treatment group compared with the diabetic model group (P < 0.05). Berberine treatment significantly increased serum SOD activity and decreased the content of MDA compared with diabetic model group (P < 0.05). AR activity as well as the expression of AR mRNA and protein in the kidney was markedly decreased in the berberine treatment group compared with diabetic model group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggested that berberine could ameliorate renal dysfunction in DN rats through controlling blood glucose, reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of the activation of the polyol pathway.</p>